Changes in (please report either increases or decreases observed with these measures) :

Profitability from adopting IPM tactics (although not a direct measure per se, profitability is almost always a prerequisite for environmental improvement and greatly increases the probability that other growers will adopt approach. Each project should strive for this) (Ideally, profitability should increase).

Direct measures or indices proposed by applicant and approved via workplan.

(Bold indicates the primary variable measured; normal font indicates that the measure may by used to extrapolate impacts to those resources)

Pest management/nutrient management records showing use and/or risk reduction in chemical applications.

Acres under management that include pesticide risk reduction practices. Risk reduction measures include number of risk-reduced practices employed, number of acres treated with reduced risk pesticides and/or bio-pesticides, and number of acres not treated with higher risk pesticides (e.g. organophosphates, carbamates, FQPA priority pesticides) due to a reduced risk practice.

Acres incorporating specific pesticide management practices to improve water and air quality. This includes pesticide application management.

Percent of total acres under management that include IPM. IPM practices include cover crops, scouting, buffer strips, biological populations, and other practices used to improve ecosystem health.

Use of leveraged or in-kind support that includes other funding sources. (Note: support can also measure the change in behavior of the broader community, for example, recognition that this work is a priority and worth investing in)

Number of participating growers at the field level.

Number of participating growers committed to continuing specific practices after completion of funding, including mechanism to measure this commitment.

Changes in behavior of growers toward employing lower-risk practices, including mechanism to measure this change.

Number of producers involved in the development of production standards for reduced risk certification programs with metrics (Eco-label).

Number of producers implementing production standards for reduced risk certification programs with metrics (Eco-label).

Movement on established IPM transition gradient (Note: This is a measure that all regions could use for most projects to help evaluate progress).

Increased sales of biopesticides or reduced risk pesticides vs. FQPA priority pesticides.

Acres treated with biopesticides orreduced risk pesticides.

Development of new, creative, or refined IPM tools.

Use of new, creative, or refined IPM tools.

Development of economic thresholds for IPM considerations (numbers of pest organisms that trigger a control action)

Use of economic thresholds for IPM considerations.

Other verifiable measures proposed by applicant and approved via the workplan.

Changes in (please report either increases or decreases observed with these measures):

Blood urine levels (AchE and other metabolites) in exposed population (e.g. farmers and their families and farm workers and their families) or other appropriate health data (These types of measures should show a decrease in negative human health impacts).

Pesticide exposure levels (swipe tests, home dust levels) in study population (human or animal. This measure should decrease).

Levels of residues of high-risk pesticides in food (This measure should decrease).

Other direct measures or indices proposed by applicant and approved via workplan.

(Bold indicates the primary variable measured; normal font indicates that the measure may by used to extrapolate impacts to those resources)

Pest management/nutrient management records showing reduction or change in use patterns of chemical applications for pesticides likely to show up in food.

Acres under management that include pesticide risk reduction practices. Risk reduction measures include number of risk-reduced practices employed, number of acres treated with reduced risk pesticides and/or bio-pesticides, and number of acres not treated with higher risk pesticides (e.g. organophosphates, carbamates, FQPA priority pesticides) due to a reduced risk practice.

Number of producers implementing production standards for reduced risk certification programs with metrics (Eco-label).

Increased sales of biopesticides or reduced risk pesticides paired with corresponding reduction in FQPA priority pesticides.

Acres treated with biopesticides orreduced risk pesticides.

Changes in (please report either increases or decreases observed with these measures):

Mortality to non-target aquatic and terrestrial organisms caused by pesticides (In ideal circumstances, this measure should decrease).

Impacts (such as sampling organisms for fecundity levels, pollinator activity, endocrine disruption) on non-target aquatic and terrestrial organisms caused by pesticides (These measures should decrease).

Populations of beneficial organisms in field and adjacent habitat (This measure should increase).

Soil quality, soil fauna health and diversity (soil quality typically includes specific physical measures: pH, fertility, infiltration rates, compaction, bulk density, etc.).

Other direct measures or indices proposed by applicant and approved via workplan.

(Bold indicates the primary variable measured; normal font indicates that the measure may by used to extrapolate impacts to those resources)

Pest management/nutrient management records showing reduction or change in use patterns of chemical applications.

Acres under management that include pesticide risk reduction practices. Risk reduction measures include number of risk-reduced practices employed, number of acres treated with reduced risk pesticides and/or bio-pesticides, and number of acres not treated with higher risk pesticides (e.g. organophosphates, carbamates, FQPA priority pesticides) due to a reduced risk practice.

Acres incorporating specific pesticide management practices to improve water and air quality. This includes pesticide application management.

Percent of total acres under management that include IPM. IPM practices include cover crops, scouting, buffer strips, biological populations, and other practices used to improve ecosystem health.

Number of producers implementing production standards for reduced risk certification programs with metrics (Eco-label).

Increased sales of biopesticides or reduced risk pesticides vs. FQPA priority pesticides.

Acres treated with biopesticides orreduced risk pesticides.

Acres under management practices shown by research to result in environmental improvements (for example, minimum residue left on tilled acres has been shown to result in improved water quality).

Adoption of organic practices that have been shown by research to result in environmental improvements.

Other verifiable surrogate measures proposed by applicant and approved via the workplan

Changes in (please report either increases or decreases observed with these measures):

Diversity of desirable terrestrial invertebrates (This is affected by many factors. Ideally, this measure should increase).

Mortality to non-target aquatic and terrestrial organisms caused by pesticides (In ideal circumstances, this measure should decrease).

Impacts (such as sampling organisms for fecundity levels, pollinator activity, endocrine disruption) on non-target aquatic and terrestrial organisms caused by pesticides (These measures should decrease).

Populations of beneficial organisms in field and adjacent habitat (This measure should increase).

Soil quality, soil fauna health and diversity (soil quality typically includes specific physical measures: pH, fertility, infiltration rates, compaction, bulk density, etc.).

Other direct measures or indices proposed by applicant. (e.g. developing ecosystem biodiversity indicators such as soil duff and invertebrate population diversity) and approved via workplan.

(Bold indicates the primary variable measured; normal font indicates that the measure may by used to extrapolate impacts to those resources)

An estimate of the presence of pesticides in soil, water and air using environmental indicator models such as SYNOPS to model potential residues over time).

Pest management/nutrient management records showing reduction or change in use patterns of chemical applications.

Acres under management that include pesticide risk reduction practices. Risk reduction measures include number of risk-reduced practices employed, number of acres treated with reduced risk pesticides and/or bio-pesticides, and number of acres not treated with higher risk pesticides (e.g. organophosphates, carbamates, FQPA priority pesticides) due to a reduced risk practice.

Acres incorporating specific pesticide management practices to improve water and air quality. This includes pesticide application management.

Percent of total acres under management that include IPM. IPM practices include cover crops, scouting, buffer strips, biological populations, and other practices used to improve ecosystem health.

 Number of producers involved in the development of production standards for reduced risk certification programs with metrics (Eco-label).

Increased sales of biopesticides or reduced risk pesticides vs. FQPA priority pesticides.

Acres treated with biopesticides orreduced risk pesticides.

Acres under management practices shown by research to result in environmental improvements (for example, minimum residue left on tilled acres has been shown to result in improved water quality).

Adoption of organic practices that have been shown by research to result in environmental improvements.

Other verifiable surrogate measures proposed by applicant and approved via the workplan

Changes in (please report either increases or decreases observed with these measures):

Diversity of healthy aquatic invertebrates (diversity is affected by many factors including nutrient and sediment loading, diffused oxygen, temperature. In ideal circumstances, this should increase).

Mortality to non-target aquatic and terrestrial organisms caused by pesticides (In ideal circumstances, this measure should decrease).

Impacts (such as sampling organisms for fecundity levels, pollinator activity, endocrine disruption) on non-target aquatic and terrestrial organisms caused by pesticides (These measures should decrease).

Populations of beneficial organisms in field and adjacent habitat (This measure should increase).

Water quality monitoring data in adjacent water bodies and source waters (Water quality should increase).

Pesticide movement and transport using monitoring data in air or water (Pesticide transport should decrease).

Other direct measures or indices proposed by applicant and approved via workplan.

(Bold indicates the primary variable measured; normal font indicates that the measure may by used to extrapolate impacts to those resources)

An estimate of the presence of pesticides in soil, water and air using environmental indicator models such as SYNOPS to model potential residues over time.

Water management practices including erosion and sediment control, wastewater reduction, nutrient management, and irrigation management.

Pest management/nutrient management records showing reduction or change in use patterns of chemical applications.

Acres under management that include pesticide risk reduction practices. Risk reduction measures include number of risk-reduced practices employed, number of acres treated with reduced risk pesticides and/or bio-pesticides, and number of acres not treated with higher risk pesticides (e.g. organophosphates, carbamates, FQPA priority pesticides) due to a reduced risk practice.

Acres incorporating specific pesticide management practices to improve water and air quality. This includes pesticide application management.

Percent of total acres under management that include IPM. IPM practices include cover crops, scouting, buffer strips, biological populations, and other practices used to improve ecosystem health.

Number and stage of implementation of watershed-based plans or Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) implemented during project.

Number of producers implementing production standards for reduced risk certification programs with metrics (Eco-label).

Increased sales of biopesticides or reduced risk pesticides vs. FQPA priority pesticides.

Acres treated with biopesticides orreduced risk pesticides.

Acres under management practices shown by research to result in environmental improvements (for example, minimum residue left on tilled acres has been shown to result in improved water quality).

Adoption of organic practices that have been shown by research to result in environmental improvements.

Other verifiable surrogate measures proposed by applicant and approved via the workplan.